https://hindupedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Anu+MoorthyHindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia - User contributions [en]2026-05-04T17:19:11ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.1https://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Cycle_of_Birth_%26_Death&diff=14382Cycle of Birth & Death2012-01-21T18:45:34Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "ccording to the Hindu sage Adi Shankaracharya, the world - as we ordinarily understand it - is like a dream: illusory. To be trapped in samsara (the cycle of birth and de..."</p>
<hr />
<div>ccording to the [[Hindu]] sage [[Adi Shankaracharya]], the world - as we ordinarily understand it - is like a dream: illusory. To be trapped in samsara (the cycle of birth and death) is a result of ignorance of the true nature of our existence. <br />
<br />
It is ignorance (avidya) of one's true self that leads to ego-[[consciousness]], grounding one in desire and a perpetual chain of reincarnation. The idea is intricately linked to action ([[karma]]), a concept first recorded in the Upanishads. Every action has a reaction and the force determines one's next incarnation. One is reborn through desire: a person desires to be born because he or she wants to enjoy a body, which can never bring deep, lasting happiness or peace (ānanda).</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Schools_of_Philosophy&diff=14381Schools of Philosophy2012-01-21T18:30:43Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Schools of [[Vedanta]]:<br />
[[Advaita]] Vedānta<br />
Vishishtadvaita<br />
Dvaitādvaita<br />
Shuddhādvaita<br />
<br />
Pre-19th century Gurus<br />
<br />
Vasishta Maharishi<br />
Shakti Maharishi<br />
Parashara Maharishi<br />
[[Krishna]] Dwaipayana Vyasa<br />
Sri Shuka Acharya<br />
Badarayana<br />
Gaudapada<br />
Govinda Bhagavatpada<br />
[[Adi Shankara]] Bhagavatpada<br />
Sureśvara<br />
Padmapāda<br />
Hastamalakacharya<br />
Totakacharya<br />
Sarvajnatman<br />
Sathyabodhendra Saraswati<br />
Krpa Sankarendra Saraswati<br />
Sivananda Chidghanendra Saraswati<br />
[[Chandrasekharendra Saraswati]] I<br />
Satchidghanendra Saraswati Avaduta<br />
Satchidanandaghanendra Saraswati<br />
Brahmanandaghanendra Saraswati<br />
[[Appayya Dikshitar]]<br />
Vācaspati Miśra<br />
[[Ramanuja]]<br />
[[Madhvacharya]]<br />
[[Vidyaranya]]<br />
[[Nimbarka]]<br />
Vishnuswami<br />
Vallabha Bhatta Acharya<br />
[[Caitanya]]<br />
Vyasathirtha<br />
Madhusudhana Saraswati<br />
Nimbarka<br />
[[Baladeva]] Vidyabhushana<br />
Vijnanabhiksu<br />
Srimanta Sankardeva<br />
Bhagavannama Bodhendra Saraswati<br />
Mahadevendra Saraswati V<br />
Chandrasekharendra Saraswati VI<br />
Sudarsana Mahadevendra Saraswati<br />
<br />
<br />
19th-21st century Gurus<br />
<br />
Srila Prabhupada<br />
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa<br />
Swami Yogiraj<br />
[[Swami Vivekananda]]<br />
Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati<br />
Ramana Maharshi<br />
Swami Sivananda Saraswati<br />
Brahmasree Neelakanta Gurupadar<br />
Swami Satyananda Saraswathi<br />
Swami Chinmayananda Saraswati<br />
Swami Dayananda Saraswati<br />
Swami Krishnananda<br />
Swami Parthasarathy<br />
[[Swami Rama Tirtha]]<br />
Mannargudi Raju Sastri<br />
Paruthiyur [[Krishna]] Sastri<br />
Paiganadu Ganapathy Sastri<br />
Chandrashekarendra Saraswati VIII Mahaswami Paramacharya<br />
Jayendra Saraswati<br />
Shankar Vijayendra Saraswati<br />
Nisargadatta Maharaj<br />
Sacchidananda Shivabhinava Narasimha Bharathi<br />
Chandrashekhara Bharati III<br />
[[Abhinava]] Vidyatirtha Swamigal<br />
Bharati Teertha Swamigal<br />
Narayanaguru Swami Trippadangal<br />
Swani Jyotirmayananda<br />
Bhaktivinoda Saraswati Thakur<br />
Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur<br />
[[Bhakti]] Raksaka Sridhara Maharaja<br />
Bhakti Hridaya Bon Swami<br />
Bhakti Prajnana Kesava Goswami<br />
Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami<br />
Bhakti Vaibhava Puri Maharaj<br />
Bhaktivedanta [[Narayan Maharaj]]<br />
Paramahansa Yogananda<br />
Swami Muktananda Baba<br />
Siddharudha Swami Hubli<br />
[[Sai Baba]] of Shirdi<br />
Sathya Sai Baba<br />
Prof. (Smt.)Prema Pandurang<br />
Sacchidanandendra Saraswati<br />
Swami Siddheswarananda<br />
Swami Tejomayananda Saraswati</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Schools_of_Philosophy&diff=14380Schools of Philosophy2012-01-21T18:29:50Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Schools of Vedanta: Advaita Vedānta Vishishtadvaita Dvaitādvaita Shuddhādvaita Pre-19th century Gurus Vasishta Maharishi Shakti Maharishi Parashara Maharishi [[Krish..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Schools of [[Vedanta]]:<br />
[[Advaita]] Vedānta<br />
Vishishtadvaita<br />
Dvaitādvaita<br />
Shuddhādvaita<br />
<br />
Pre-19th century Gurus<br />
<br />
Vasishta Maharishi<br />
Shakti Maharishi<br />
Parashara Maharishi<br />
[[Krishna]] Dwaipayana Vyasa<br />
Sri Shuka Acharya<br />
Badarayana<br />
Gaudapada<br />
Govinda Bhagavatpada<br />
[[Adi Shankara]] Bhagavatpada<br />
Sureśvara<br />
Padmapāda<br />
Hastamalakacharya<br />
Totakacharya<br />
Sarvajnatman<br />
Sathyabodhendra Saraswati<br />
Krpa Sankarendra Saraswati<br />
Sivananda Chidghanendra Saraswati<br />
[[Chandrasekharendra Saraswati]] I<br />
Satchidghanendra Saraswati Avaduta<br />
Satchidanandaghanendra Saraswati<br />
Brahmanandaghanendra Saraswati<br />
[[Appayya Dikshitar]]<br />
Vācaspati Miśra<br />
[[Ramanuja]]<br />
[[Madhvacharya]]<br />
[[Vidyaranya]]<br />
[[Nimbarka]]<br />
Vishnuswami<br />
Vallabha Bhatta Acharya<br />
[[Caitanya]]<br />
Vyasathirtha<br />
Madhusudhana Saraswati<br />
Nimbarka<br />
[[Baladeva]] Vidyabhushana<br />
Vijnanabhiksu<br />
Srimanta Sankardeva<br />
Bhagavannama Bodhendra Saraswati<br />
Mahadevendra Saraswati V<br />
Chandrasekharendra Saraswati VI<br />
Sudarsana Mahadevendra Saraswati<br />
<br />
<br />
19th-21st century Gurus<br />
<br />
Srila Prabhupada<br />
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa<br />
Swami Yogiraj<br />
[[Swami Vivekananda]]<br />
Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati<br />
Ramana Maharshi<br />
Swami Sivananda Saraswati<br />
Brahmasree Neelakanta Gurupadar<br />
Swami Satyananda Saraswathi<br />
Swami Chinmayananda Saraswati<br />
Swami Dayananda Saraswati<br />
Swami Krishnananda<br />
Swami Parthasarathy<br />
[[Swami Rama Tirtha]]<br />
Mannargudi Raju Sastri<br />
Paruthiyur [[Krishna]] Sastri<br />
Paiganadu Ganapathy Sastri<br />
Chandrashekarendra Saraswati VIII Mahaswami Paramacharya<br />
Jayendra Saraswati<br />
Shankar Vijayendra Saraswati<br />
Nisargadatta Maharaj<br />
Sacchidananda Shivabhinava Narasimha Bharathi<br />
Chandrashekhara Bharati III<br />
[[Abhinava]] Vidyatirtha Swamigal<br />
Bharati Teertha Swamigal<br />
Narayanaguru Swami Trippadangal<br />
Swani Jyotirmayananda<br />
Bhaktivinoda Saraswati Thakur<br />
Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur<br />
[[Bhakti]] Raksaka Sridhara Maharaja<br />
Bhakti Hridaya Bon Swami<br />
Bhakti Prajnana Kesava Goswami<br />
Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami<br />
Bhakti Vaibhava Puri Maharaj<br />
Bhaktivedanta [[Narayan Maharaj]]<br />
Paramahansa Yogananda<br />
Swami Muktananda Baba<br />
Siddharudha Swami Hubli<br />
[[Sai Baba]] of Shirdi<br />
Sathya Sai Baba<br />
Prof. (Smt.)Prema Pandurang<br />
Sacchidanandendra Saraswati<br />
Swami Siddheswarananda<br />
Swami Tejomayananda Saraswati<br />
Sri Chandrasekrendra Saraswathy of Kanchi Kamkoti Peetam<br />
Sri Jayendra Saraswathy<br />
Sri Vijayendra Saraswathy</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14379Main Page2012-01-21T18:21:44Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] <br />
* [[Schools of Philosophy]]<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* [[Cycle of Birth & Death]]<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* [[Divinity]]<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* [[Karma in Individual Live]]<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts]]<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* [[Agriculture]]<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politics and Governance]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
| {{mp-topicbody-style}} |<div class="Sagely Quote" ><br />
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<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* [[Folk and Tribal]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts]]<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
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__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14378Main Page2012-01-21T18:19:14Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] <br />
[[(Schools of Philosophy)]]<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* [[Divinity]]<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* [[Karma in Individual Live]]<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts]]<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* [[Agriculture]]<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politics and Governance]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* [[Folk and Tribal]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts]]<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_Indian_Science_and_Texts&diff=14377Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts2012-01-21T18:04:26Z<p>Anu Moorthy: http://india_resource.tripod.com/scienceh.htm</p>
<hr />
<div>The Age of Science and Reason <br />
From 1000 B.C to the 4th C A.D (also described as India's rationalistic period) treatises in [[astronomy]], [[mathematics]], logic, medicine and linguistics were produced. The philosophers of the Sankhya school, the Nyaya-Vaisesika schools and early Jain and Buddhist scholars made substantial contributions to the growth of science and learning. Advances in the applied sciences like [[metallurgy]], textile production, scientific method, and dyeing were also made.<br />
<br />
As keen observers of nature and the human body, India's early scientist/philosophers studied human sensory organs, analyzed dreams, memory and [[consciousness]]. The best of them understood dialectics in nature - they understood change, both in quantitative and qualitative terms - they even posited a proto-type of the modern atomic theory. <br />
<br />
Philosophers like Pythagoras and Herodotus read the Upanishads and learnt geometry. Pythagoras - the Greek mathematician and philosopher who lived in the 6th C B.C was familiar with the Upanishads and learnt his basic geometry from the Sulva Sutras. (The famous Pythagoras theorem is actually a restatement of a result already known and recorded by earlier Indian mathematicians). Later, Herodotus (father of Greek history) was to write that the Indians were the greatest nation of the age. Megasthenes - who travelled extensively through India in the 4th C. B.C also left extensive accounts that paint India in highly favorable light (for that period).<br />
<br />
Scientific exchanges between Greece and India were mutually beneficial and helped in the development of the sciences in both nations. By the 6th C. A.D, with the help of ancient Greek and Indian texts, and through their own ingenuity, Indian astronomers made significant discoveries about planetary motion. An Indian astronomer - Aryabhata, was to become the first to describe the earth as a sphere that rotated on it's own axis. He further postulated that it was the earth that rotated around the sun and correctly described how solar and lunar eclipses occurred.<br />
<br />
Because [[astronomy]] required extremely complicated mathematical equations, ancient Indians also made significant advances in [[mathematics]]. Differential equations - the basis of modern calculus were in all likelihood an Indian invention (something essential in modeling planetary motions). Indian mathematicians were also the first to invent the concept of abstract infinite numbers - numbers that can only be represented through abstract mathematical formulations such as infinite series - geometric or arithmetic. They also seemed to be familiar with polynomial equations (again essential in advanced astronomy) and were the inventors of the modern numeral system (referred to as the Arabic numeral system in Europe). <br />
<br />
The use of the decimal system and the concept of zero was essential in facilitating large astronomical calculation and allowed such 7th C mathematicians as [[Brahmagupta]] to estimate the earth's circumferance at about 23,000 miles - (not too far off from the current calculation). It also enabled Indian astronomers to provide fairly accurate longitudes of important places in India. <br />
<br />
The science of [[Ayurveda]] - (the ancient Indian system of healing) blossomed in this period. Medical practitioners took up the dissection of corpses, practised surgery, developed popular nutritional guides, and wrote out codes for medical procedures and patient care and diagnosis. Chemical processes associated with the dying of textiles and extraction of metals were studied and documented. The use of mordants (in dyeing) and catalysts (in metal-extraction/purification) was discovered.<br />
<br />
The scientific ethos also had it's impact on the arts and literature. Painting and [[sculpture]] flourished even as there were advances in social infrastructure. Universities were set up with dormitories and meeting halls. In addition, according to the Chinese traveller, Hieun Tsang, roads were built with well-marked signposts. Shade trees were planted. Inns and hospitals dotted national highways so as to facilitate travel and trade.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Folk_and_Tribal&diff=14376Folk and Tribal2012-01-16T18:34:28Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through varied medium such as pottery, painting, metalwork,dhokra art, paper-art, palm-leaf art, weaving and design..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through varied medium such as pottery, painting, metalwork,dhokra art, paper-art, palm-leaf art, weaving and designing of objects such as jewelry and toys.<br />
Often Gods and legends are transformed into contemporary forms and familiar images. Fairs, [[festivals]], wedding rituals, and local [[deities]] play a vital role in these arts.<br />
It is in art where life and creativity are inseparable. The tribal arts have a unique sensitivity, as the tribal people possess an intense awareness very different from the settled and urbanized people. Their minds are supple and intense with myth, legends, snippets from epic, multitudinous gods born out of dream and fantasy. Their art is an expression of their life and holds their passion and mystery.<br />
Folk art also includes the visual expressions of the wandering nomads. This is the art of people who are exposed to changing landscapes as they travel over the valleys and highlands of India. They carry with them the experiences and memories of different spaces and their art consists of the transient and dynamic pattern of life. The rural, tribal and arts of the people of different region constitute the matrix of folk expression.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14375Main Page2012-01-16T18:32:14Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* [[Divinity]]<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* [[Karma in Individual Live]]<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts]]<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* [[Agriculture]]<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politics and Governance]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
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<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* [[Folk and Tribal]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts]]<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Folk_%26_Tribal&diff=14374Folk & Tribal2012-01-16T18:31:22Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through varied medium such as pottery, painting, metalwork,dhokra art, paper-art, weaving and designing of objects ..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through varied medium such as pottery, painting, metalwork,dhokra art, paper-art, weaving and designing of objects such as jewelry and toys.<br />
Often puranic gods and legends are transformed into contemporary forms and familiar images. Fairs, [[festivals]], and local [[deities]] play a vital role in these arts.<br />
It is in art where life and creativity are inseparable. The tribal arts have a unique sensitivity, as the tribal people possess an intense awareness very different from the settled and urbanized people. Their minds are supple and intense with myth, legends, snippets from epic, multitudinous gods born out of dream and fantasy. Their art is an expression of their life and holds their passion and mystery.<br />
Folk art also includes the visual expressions of the wandering nomads. This is the art of people who are exposed to changing landscapes as they travel over the valleys and highlands of India. They carry with them the experiences and memories of different spaces and their art consists of the transient and dynamic pattern of life. The rural, tribal and arts of the nomads constitute the matrix of folk expression.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14373Main Page2012-01-16T18:30:52Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* [[Divinity]]<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* [[Karma in Individual Live]]<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts]]<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* [[Agriculture]]<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politics and Governance]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* [[Folk & Tribal]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts]]<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_Indian_Art_and_Texts&diff=14372Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts2012-01-16T18:26:38Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Indian Art is the visual art produced on the Indian subcontinent from about the 3rd millennium BC to modern times. Indian art can be classified into specific periods each reflect..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Indian Art is the visual art produced on the Indian subcontinent from about the 3rd millennium BC to modern times. Indian art can be classified into specific periods each reflecting particular religious, political and cultural developments.<br />
Ancient period (3500 BCE-1200 CE)<br />
Islamic ascendancy (1192-1757)<br />
Colonial period (1757–1947)<br />
Independence and the postcolonial period (Post-1947)<br />
<br />
<br />
Jewelry - different regions make different variety of jewelry<br />
Bronze Sculptures - Traditionally made for [[temples]], not bronze sculptures are available for sale for anyone<br />
Temple carvings - started with cave carving to now temples and individual statues<br />
Other arts - Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through varied medium such as pottery, painting, metalwork,dhokra art, paper-art, weaving and designing of objects such as jewelry and toys.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14371Main Page2012-01-16T18:19:31Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* [[Divinity]]<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* [[Karma in Individual Live]]<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts]]<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* [[Agriculture]]<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politics and Governance]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* [[Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts]]<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Karma_in_Individual_Life&diff=14370Karma in Individual Life2012-01-16T17:56:16Z<p>Anu Moorthy: http://www.himalayanacademy.com/resources/pamphlets/KarmaReincarnation.html</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Karma]] literally means "deed or act," but more broadly describes the principle of cause and effect. Simply stated, karma is the law of action and reaction which governs [[consciousness]]. This includes family, community, nation, race and religion, even planetary group [[karma]]. So if we, individually or collectively, unconditionally love and give, we will be loved and given to. The individuals or groups who act soulfully or maliciously toward us are the vehicle of our own karmic creation. The people who manifest your karma are also living through past karma and simultaneously creating future karma. Imagine how intricately interconnected all the cycles of karma are for our planet's life forms. [[Hindu]] [[astrology]], or [[Jyotisha]], details a real relation between ourselves and the geography of the solar system and certain star clusters, but it is not a cause-effect relation. Planets and stars don't cause or dictate karma. Their orbital relationships establish proper conditions for karmas to activate and a particular type of personality nature to develop. Jyotisha describes a relation of revealment: it reveals prarabdha karmic patterns for a given birth and how we will generally react to them (kriyamana karma).</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Divinity&diff=14369Divinity2012-01-16T17:50:52Z<p>Anu Moorthy: http://www.himalayanacademy.com/basics/fourf/</p>
<hr />
<div>All-Pervasive Divinity<br />
<br />
He is the God of forms infinite in whose glory all things are--smaller than the smallest atom, and yet the Creator of all, ever living in the mystery of His creation. In the vision of this God of love there is everlasting peace. He is the Lord of all who, hidden in the heart of things, watches over the world of time.<br />
[[Krishna]] Yajur [[Veda]], Shvetashvatara [[Upanishad]] 4.14-15<br />
<br />
As a family of faiths, Hinduism upholds a wide array of perspectives on the Divine, yet all [[worship]] the one, all-pervasive Supreme Being hailed in the Upanishads. As Absolute Reality, God is unmanifest, unchanging and transcendent, the Self God, timeless, formless and spaceless. As Pure [[Consciousness]], God is the manifest primal substance, pure love and light flowing through all form, existing everywhere in [[time and space]] as infinite intelligence and power. As Primal Soul, God is our personal Lord, source of all three worlds, our Father-Mother God who protects, nurtures and guides us. We beseech God's grace in our lives while also knowing that He/She is the essence of our soul, the life of our life. Each denomination also venerates its own pantheon of Divinities, Mahadevas, or "great angels," who were created by the Supreme Lord and who serve and adore Him.<br />
<br />
A unique and all-encompassing characteristic of Hinduism is that one devotee may be worshipping [[Ganesha]] while a friend worships Siva or [[Vishnu]] or Kali, yet both honor the other's choice and feel no sense of conflict. The [[Hindu]] religion brings us the gift of tolerance that allows for different stages of [[worship]], different and personal expressions of devotion and even different Gods to guide our life on this earth.<br />
<br />
Hinduism is a family of four main denominations - Saivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Smartism - under a divine hierarchy of Mahadevas. These intelligent beings have evolved through eons of time and are able to help mankind without themselves having to live in a physical body. These great Mahadevas, with their multitudes of angelic devas, live and work constantly and tirelessly for the people of our religion, protecting and guiding them, opening new doors and closing unused ones.<br />
<br />
In the [[Vedas]], God is called [[Brahman]], the Supreme Being who simultaneously exists as the absolute transcendent Parabrahman, as omniscient [[consciousness]] or shakti power and as the personal prime Deity. The word [[Brahman]] comes from the [[Sanskrit]] root Brh which means to grow, manifest, expand, referring to the Brahman Mind of pure consciousness that underlies, emanates and resonates as all existence. Brahman is simultaneously Purusha, the Primal Soul. He is perfection of being, the original soul who creates/emanates innumerable individual souls - including the Gods. Some Gods, such as Lord [[Ganesha]], did not undergo evolution as we know it, but were emanated as mature Mahadevas whose minds simultaneously govern and interpenetrate specific orders of space and time. They are so close to Brahman that they fulfill their cosmic functions in perfect accord with God's wisdom, intent and action.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14368Main Page2012-01-16T17:48:35Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* [[Divinity]]<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* [[Karma in Individual Live]]<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* [[Agriculture]]<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politics and Governance]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Agriculture&diff=14367Agriculture2012-01-16T17:40:23Z<p>Anu Moorthy: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS</p>
<hr />
<div>The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated onto the Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. - which reached its zenith under ASHOKA - united much of South Asia. The Golden Age ushered in by the Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) saw a flowering of Indian science, art, and culture. [[Islam]] spread across the subcontinent over a period of 700 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established the Delhi Sultanate. In the early 16th century, the Emperor BABUR established the Mughal Dynasty which ruled India for more than three centuries. European explorers began establishing footholds in India during the 16th century. By the 19th century, Great Britain had become the dominant political power on the subcontinent. The British Indian Army played a vital role in both World Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British rule, led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU, eventually brought about independence in 1947. Communal violence led to the subcontinent's bloody partition, which resulted in the creation of two separate states, India and Pakistan. The two countries have fought three wars since independence, the last of which in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. India's nuclear weapons tests in 1998 caused Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. In November 2008, terrorists originating from Pakistan conducted a series of coordinated attacks in Mumbai, India's financial capital. In January 2011, India assumed a nonpermanent seat in the UN Security Council for the 2011-12 term. Despite pressing problems such as significant overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and widespread corruption, rapid economic development is fueling India's rise on the world stage. India's economic growth slowed last year, however, dropping from 8.5 percent in 2010 to around 7 percent.<br />
Labor force 478.3 million<br />
agriculture: 52%<br />
industry: 14%<br />
services: 34% <br />
Agriculture in India has a significant history. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 16.6% of the GDP in 2009, about 50% of the total workforce.The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.<br />
Per 2010 FAO world agriculture statistics, India is the world's largest producer of many fresh fruits and vegetables, milk, major spices, select fresh meats, select fibrous crops such as jute, several staples such as millets and castor oil seed. India is the second largest producer of wheat and rice, the world's major food staples. India is also the world's second or third largest producer of several dry fruits, agriculture-based textile raw materials, roots and tuber crops, pulses, farmed fish, eggs, coconut, sugarcane and numerous vegetables. India ranked within the world's five largest producers of over 80% of agricultural produce items, including many cash crops such as coffee and cotton, in 2010, India is also one the world's five largest producers of livestock and poultry meat, with one of the fastest growth rates, as of 2011.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Politics_and_Governance&diff=14366Politics and Governance2012-01-16T17:32:58Z<p>Anu Moorthy: CIA World Fact Book</p>
<hr />
<div>Government<br />
Conventional long form: Republic of India<br />
Conventional short form: India<br />
Local short form: India/Bharat<br />
Common Law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts.<br />
Executive Branch<br />
chief of state: President Pratibha Devisingh PATIL (since 25 July 2007); Vice President Mohammad Hamid ANSARI (since 11 August 2007)<br />
head of government: Prime Minister Manmohan SINGH (since 22 May 2004)<br />
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister<br />
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )<br />
elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held in July 2007 (next to be held in July 2012); vice president elected by both houses of Parliament for a five-year term; election last held in August 2007 (next to be held August 2012); prime minister chosen by parliamentary members of the majority party following legislative elections; election last held April - May 2009 (next to be held no later than May 2014)<br />
Legislative branch<br />
bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of States or Rajya Sabha (a body consisting of 245 seats up to 12 of which are appointed by the president, the remainder are chosen by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies; members serve six-year terms) and the People's Assembly or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 members elected by popular vote, 2 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)<br />
elections: People's Assembly - last held in five phases on 16, 22-23, 30 April and 7, 13 May 2009 (next must be held by May 2014)<br />
Judicial Branch<br />
Supreme Court (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")<br />
Political parties<br />
All India [[Anna]] Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J. JAYALALITHAA]; All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [Mamata BANERJEE]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Nitin GADKARI]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [A.B. BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI-M [Prakash KARAT]; Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or DMK [M.KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [Sharad YADAV]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Lalu Prasad YADAV]; Rashtriya Lok Dal or RLD [Ajit SINGH]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]; note - India has dozens of national and regional political parties; only parties with four or more seats in the People's Assembly are listed<br />
Political pressure groups and leaders<br />
All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley (separatist group); Bajrang Dal (religious organization); India Against Corruption [Anna HAZAREI]; Jamiat Ulema-e Hind (religious organization); Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh [Mohan BHAGWAT] (religious organization); Vishwa [[Hindu]] Parishad [Ashok SINGHAL] (religious organization)<br />
other: numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic [[organizations]]; various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy; hundreds of social reform, anti-corruption, and environmental groups at state and local level.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14365Main Page2012-01-16T17:25:43Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* Divinity<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* Karma in Individual Live<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* [[Agriculture]]<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politics and Governance]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14364Main Page2012-01-16T17:25:15Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* Divinity<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* Karma in Individual Live<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* [[Agriculture]]<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politics and Governanc]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Economy&diff=14363Economy2012-01-16T17:22:11Z<p>Anu Moorthy: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html</p>
<hr />
<div>India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and has served to accelerate the country's growth, which has averaged more than 7% per year since 1997. India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly more than half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for more than half of India's output, with only one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services and software workers. In 2010, the Indian economy rebounded robustly from the global financial crisis - in large part because of strong domestic demand - and growth exceeded 8% year-on-year in real terms. Merchandise exports, which account for about 15% of GDP, returned to pre-financial crisis levels. An industrial expansion and high food prices, resulting from the combined effects of the weak 2009 monsoon and inefficiencies in the government's food distribution system, fueled inflation which peaked at about 11% in the first half of 2010, but has gradually decreased to single digits following a series of central bank interest rate hikes. In 2010 New Delhi reduced subsidies for fuel and fertilizers, sold a small percentage of its shares in some state-owned enterprises and auctioned off rights to radio bandwidth for 3G telecommunications in part to lower the government's deficit. The Indian Government seeks to hold its budget deficit to 5.5% of GDP in FY 2010-11, down from 6.8% in the previous fiscal year. India's long term challenges include widespread poverty, inadequate physical and social infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, insufficient access to quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14362Main Page2012-01-16T17:21:36Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* Divinity<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* Karma in Individual Live<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* Agriculture<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* Politics and Governance<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Social_structure&diff=14361Social structure2012-01-16T17:17:08Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "India is a country with diverse cultures. Customs and traditions vary from region to region. Yet, of course, some commonality does exist in the social structure, which is an unif..."</p>
<hr />
<div>India is a country with diverse cultures. Customs and traditions vary from region to region. Yet, of course, some commonality does exist in the social structure, which is an unifying force. Let us try to understand the various social formations that provide the unifying force as well as distinct characteristics to the Indian society.<br />
<br />
Social Structure of India<br />
<br />
Caste system – The social structure is based upon the caste system. The society is divided into four major castes- the Brahmans, Kashtriyas, Vaisyas and the Sudras. The Brahmans are the priests and are considered to be the uppermost caste. The Kshatriyas are the warriors, Vaisyas are the business class, the merchants and the Sudras are the working class. Inter-caste marriages are not permitted as a rule, although now it has become quite common in the urban areas. Untouchability continues to be practiced. The Dalits are treated as untouchables as they do the menial jobs of removing the night soil or cleaning the streets. The Constitution does not permit the practice of untouchability and those practising it can be persecuted. Now of course, with growing urbanization, the caste system is obsolete.<br />
Family - Families no longer live as joint family with parents. <br />
[[Women]] – Historically, women have played a significant role in the social and political structure of India. In the ancient times, women enjoyed much freedom, but with advent of the Muslims the purdah system came into vogue in the northern part of India. In many regions, women remain very submissive, although with the improved education levels, women have become more assertive.<br />
Men – In the Indian society, a man is considered to be the bread-earner and shoulders the responsibility of the family. He is very dominating by nature and prefers to rule over his women.<br />
Patriarchal setup – India is mostly a patriarchal set-up, with the father having control over the family unit. The man controls the reins of the family unit. He is the head of the family. The eldest male member has much say in the matters of the family.<br />
Matriarchal setup – In Kerala, in the south of India, the woman of the house is the dominant force. She decides the issues of the family.<br />
Marriage – This is an important social obligation which most Indians adhere to. It is given much importance by society. Marriages are generally arranged, but now many are choosing their own partners in urban areas. Children born outside marriage are looked down upon. Marriages are conducted with elaborate rituals and much money is spent on this occasion.<br />
Birth – This is an occasion for rejoicing. Ceremonies and rituals are held to celebrate the occasion. The birth of male child is looked up to. In some areas, the birth of a girl is looked down upon.<br />
Death – This is also an important occasion in the family system. Death is considered to be inevitable. Ceremonies are held on this occasion and even after the death of a person, yearly rituals are held in remembrance of them.<br />
Thus, Indian society is very complex, but yet remains intact as people follow certain guidelines laid down by the society. They prefer not to deviate from it.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14360Main Page2012-01-16T17:13:22Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* Divinity<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* Karma in Individual Live<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* Agriculture<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* Politics and Governance<br />
* Economy<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14359Main Page2012-01-16T17:12:36Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* Divinity<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* Karma in Individual Live<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* Agriculture<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* [[Social Structure]]<br />
* [[Politi and Governance]]<br />
* [[Economy]]<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
| {{mp-topicbody-style}} |<div class="Sagely Quote" ><br />
<dpl><br />
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<div style="clear: both;"></div><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* [[Christianity]]<br />
* [[Judaism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Islam&diff=14358Islam2012-01-16T17:07:14Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Islam - The third of the monotheistic Abrahamic faiths, Islam originated with the teachings of Muhammad in the 7th century. Muslims believe Muhammad is the final of all religious prophets (beginning with Abraham) and that the Qu'ran, which is the Islamic scripture, was revealed to him by God. Islam derives from the word submission, and obedience to God is a primary theme in this religion. In order to live an Islamic life, believers must follow the five pillars, or tenets, of Islam, which are the testimony of faith (shahada), daily prayer (salah), giving alms (zakah), fasting during Ramadan (sawm), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). <br />
Basic Groupings <br />
The two primary branches of Islam are Sunni and Shia, which split from each other over a religio-political leadership dispute about the rightful successor to Muhammad. The Shia believe Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, was the only divinely ordained Imam (religious leader), while the Sunni maintain the first three caliphs after Muhammad were also legitimate authorities. In modern Islam, Sunnis and Shia continue to have different views of acceptable schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and who is a proper Islamic religious authority. Islam also has an active mystical branch, Sufism, with various Sunni and Shia subsets. <br />
Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population. It recognizes the Abu Bakr as the first caliph after Muhammad. Sunni has four schools of Islamic doctrine and law - Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali - which uniquely interpret the Hadith, or recorded oral traditions of Muhammad. A Sunni Muslim may elect to follow any one of these schools, as all are considered equally valid. <br />
Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide, and its distinguishing feature is its reverence for Ali as an infallible, divinely inspired leader, and as the first Imam of the Muslim community after Muhammad. A majority of Shia are known as "Twelvers," because they believe that the 11 familial successor imams after Muhammad culminate in a 12th Imam (al-Mahdi) who is hidden in the world and will reappear at its end to redeem the righteous. <br />
Variants <br />
Ismaili faith: A sect of Shia Islam, its adherents are also known as "Seveners," because they believe that the rightful seventh Imam in Islamic leadership was Isma'il, the elder son of Imam Jafar al-Sadiq. Ismaili tradition awaits the return of the seventh Imam as the Mahdi, or Islamic messianic figure. Ismailis are located in various parts of the world, particularly South Asia and the Levant. <br />
Alawi faith: Another Shia sect of Islam, the name reflects followers' devotion to the religious authority of Ali. Alawites are a closed, secretive religious group who assert they are Shia Muslims, although outside scholars speculate their beliefs may have a syncretic mix with other faiths originating in the Middle East. Alawis live mostly in Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey. <br />
Druze faith: A highly secretive tradition and a closed community that derives from the Ismaili sect of Islam; its core beliefs are thought to emphasize a combination of Gnostic principles believing that the Fatimid caliph, al-Hakin, is the one who embodies the key aspects of goodness of the universe, which are, the intellect, the word, the soul, the preceder, and the follower. The Druze have a key presence in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Islamic Conquest==<br />
* [[Mogul Empire]]</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Christianity&diff=14357Christianity2012-01-16T16:54:54Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Christianity - Descending from [[Judaism]], Christianity's central belief maintains Jesus of Nazareth is the promised messiah of the Hebrew Scriptures, and that his life, death, and resurrection are salvific for the world. Christianity is one of the three monotheistic Abrahamic faiths, along with [[Islam]] and Judaism, which traces its spiritual lineage to Abraham of the Hebrew Scriptures. Its sacred texts include the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament (or the Christian Gospels). <br />
Basic Groupings <br />
Catholicism (or Roman Catholicism): This is the oldest established western Christian church and the world's largest single religious body. It is supranational, and recognizes a hierarchical structure with the Pope, or Bishop of Rome, as its head, located at the Vatican. Catholics believe the Pope is the divinely ordered head of the Church from a direct spiritual legacy of Jesus' apostle Peter. Catholicism is comprised of 23 particular Churches, or Rites - one Western (Roman or Latin-Rite) and 22 Eastern. The Latin Rite is by far the largest, making up about 98% of Catholic membership. Eastern-Rite Churches, such as the Maronite Church and the Ukrainian Catholic Church, are in communion with Rome although they preserve their own [[worship]] traditions and their immediate hierarchy consists of clergy within their own rite. The Catholic Church has a comprehensive theological and moral doctrine specified for believers in its catechism, which makes it unique among most forms of Christianity.<br />
Mormonism (including the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints): Originating in 1830 in the United States under Joseph Smith, Mormonism is not characterized as a form of Protestant Christianity because it claims additional revealed Christian scriptures after the Hebrew Bible and New Testament. The Book of Mormon maintains there was an appearance of Jesus in the New World following the Christian account of his resurrection, and that the Americas are uniquely blessed continents. Mormonism believes earlier Christian traditions, such as the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant reform faiths, are apostasies and that Joseph Smith's revelation of the Book of Mormon is a restoration of true Christianity. Mormons have a hierarchical religious leadership structure, and actively proselytize their faith; they are located primarily in the Americas and in a number of other Western countries.<br />
Jehovah's Witnesses structure their faith on the Christian Bible, but their rejection of the Trinity is distinct from mainstream Christianity. They believe that a Kingdom of God, the Theocracy, will emerge following Armageddon and usher in a new earthly society. Adherents are required to evangelize and to follow a strict moral code.<br />
Orthodox Christianity: The oldest established eastern form of Christianity, the Holy Orthodox Church, has a ceremonial head in the Bishop of Constantinople (Istanbul), also known as a Patriarch, but its various regional forms (e.g., Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Serbian Orthodox, Ukrainian Orthodox) are autocephalous (independent of Constantinople's authority, and have their own Patriarchs). Orthodox churches are highly nationalist and ethnic. The Orthodox Christian faith shares many theological tenets with the Roman Catholic Church, but diverges on some key premises and does not recognize the governing authority of the Pope.<br />
Protestant Christianity: Protestant Christianity originated in the 16th century as an attempt to reform Roman Catholicism's practices, dogma, and theology. It encompasses several forms or denominations which are extremely varied in structure, beliefs, relationship to state, clergy, and governance. Many protestant theologies emphasize the primary role of scripture in their faith, advocating individual interpretation of Christian texts without the mediation of a final religious authority such as the Roman Pope. The oldest Protestant Christianities include Lutheranism, Calvinism (Presbyterians), and Anglican Christianity (Episcopalians), which have established liturgies, governing structure, and formal clergy. Other variants on Protestant Christianity, including Pentecostal movements and independent churches, may lack one or more of these elements, and their leadership and beliefs are individualized and dynamic.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Christianity&diff=14356Christianity2012-01-16T16:53:03Z<p>Anu Moorthy: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook</p>
<hr />
<div>Christianity - Descending from [[Judaism]], Christianity's central belief maintains Jesus of Nazareth is the promised messiah of the Hebrew Scriptures, and that his life, death, and resurrection are salvific for the world. Christianity is one of the three monotheistic Abrahamic faiths, along with [[Islam]] and Judaism, which traces its spiritual lineage to Abraham of the Hebrew Scriptures. Its sacred texts include the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament (or the Christian Gospels). <br />
Basic Groupings<br />
<br />
Catholicism (or Roman Catholicism): This is the oldest established western Christian church and the world's largest single religious body. It is supranational, and recognizes a hierarchical structure with the Pope, or Bishop of Rome, as its head, located at the Vatican. Catholics believe the Pope is the divinely ordered head of the Church from a direct spiritual legacy of Jesus' apostle Peter. Catholicism is comprised of 23 particular Churches, or Rites - one Western (Roman or Latin-Rite) and 22 Eastern. The Latin Rite is by far the largest, making up about 98% of Catholic membership. Eastern-Rite Churches, such as the Maronite Church and the Ukrainian Catholic Church, are in communion with Rome although they preserve their own [[worship]] traditions and their immediate hierarchy consists of clergy within their own rite. The Catholic Church has a comprehensive theological and moral doctrine specified for believers in its catechism, which makes it unique among most forms of Christianity. <br />
<br />
Mormonism (including the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints): Originating in 1830 in the United States under Joseph Smith, Mormonism is not characterized as a form of Protestant Christianity because it claims additional revealed Christian scriptures after the Hebrew Bible and New Testament. The Book of Mormon maintains there was an appearance of Jesus in the New World following the Christian account of his resurrection, and that the Americas are uniquely blessed continents. Mormonism believes earlier Christian traditions, such as the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant reform faiths, are apostasies and that Joseph Smith's revelation of the Book of Mormon is a restoration of true Christianity. Mormons have a hierarchical religious leadership structure, and actively proselytize their faith; they are located primarily in the Americas and in a number of other Western countries. <br />
<br />
Jehovah's Witnesses structure their faith on the Christian Bible, but their rejection of the Trinity is distinct from mainstream Christianity. They believe that a Kingdom of God, the Theocracy, will emerge following Armageddon and usher in a new earthly society. Adherents are required to evangelize and to follow a strict moral code.<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity: The oldest established eastern form of Christianity, the Holy Orthodox Church, has a ceremonial head in the Bishop of Constantinople (Istanbul), also known as a Patriarch, but its various regional forms (e.g., Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Serbian Orthodox, Ukrainian Orthodox) are autocephalous (independent of Constantinople's authority, and have their own Patriarchs). Orthodox churches are highly nationalist and ethnic. The Orthodox Christian faith shares many theological tenets with the Roman Catholic Church, but diverges on some key premises and does not recognize the governing authority of the Pope. <br />
<br />
Protestant Christianity: Protestant Christianity originated in the 16th century as an attempt to reform Roman Catholicism's practices, dogma, and theology. It encompasses several forms or denominations which are extremely varied in structure, beliefs, relationship to state, clergy, and governance. Many protestant theologies emphasize the primary role of scripture in their faith, advocating individual interpretation of Christian texts without the mediation of a final religious authority such as the Roman Pope. The oldest Protestant Christianities include Lutheranism, Calvinism (Presbyterians), and Anglican Christianity (Episcopalians), which have established liturgies, governing structure, and formal clergy. Other variants on Protestant Christianity, including Pentecostal movements and independent churches, may lack one or more of these elements, and their leadership and beliefs are individualized and dynamic.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Judaism&diff=14355Judaism2012-01-16T16:51:26Z<p>Anu Moorthy: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook</p>
<hr />
<div>Judaism is one of the first known monotheistic religions, likely dating to between 2000-1500 B.C., Judaism is the native faith of the Jewish people, based upon the belief in a covenant of responsibility between a sole omnipotent creator God and Abraham, the patriarch of Judaism's Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh. Divine revelation of principles and prohibitions in the Hebrew Scriptures form the basis of Jewish law, or halakhah, which is a key component of the faith. While there are extensive traditions of Jewish halakhic and theological discourse, there is no final dogmatic authority in the tradition. Local communities have their own religious leadership. Modern Judaism has three basic categories of faith: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform/Liberal. These differ in their views and observance of Jewish law, with the Orthodox representing the most traditional practice, and Reform/Liberal communities the most accommodating of individualized interpretations of Jewish identity and faith.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=14354Main Page2012-01-16T16:50:26Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
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__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Chandrasekharendra_Saraswati&diff=13968Chandrasekharendra Saraswati2011-11-18T22:06:13Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Jagadguru Sri Paramacharya Sri Sri Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi Swamigal - One Hundred Years<br />
<br />
Landmarks in a Centenary Life<br />
<br />
1894 – Paramacharya was born in Villupuram, given the name Swaminathan<br />
<br />
1905 – Upanayana<br />
<br />
1906 – Won a prize for playing the role of Price Arthur in the Play King John of Shakespeare<br />
<br />
1907 – The Pattabishegam was held at Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu for the 68th pontiff (Peetadhipathi) of Kanchi Kamakoti Mutt with a Deekasha name of Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi<br />
<br />
1908 – First Vijaya Yatra<br />
<br />
1909 – Vidyabyasa began at Mahendramngalam on the banks of Kaveri River<br />
<br />
1916 – Navarathri at Kumbakonam Mutt<br />
<br />
1917 – Honured the pundits by summoning the [[Advaita]] Sabha<br />
<br />
1919 – Lanched Vijaya Yatra for 21 years<br />
<br />
1921 – Mahamakham<br />
<br />
1922 – First Yatra to Rameswaram<br />
<br />
1923 – Thantaka Prathiksha to Goddess Akilandeshwari at Thiruvanaikovil. Dharshan of Samadhi of Sadasiva Brahmendra<br />
<br />
1924 – Relief for flood victims at Thiruvaiyaru, birth place of Thyagaraja<br />
<br />
1927 – Met mahatma Gandhi at Nallicheri near Palghat<br />
<br />
1928 – Visited the Samasthanam of Trvancore and Kochi<br />
<br />
1929 – First visit to Thiruvannamalai Deepa Dharshan<br />
<br />
1930 – Visited Adayabala, birth place of Appaya Dhikshidhar<br />
<br />
1931 – Gave interview to Paul Bronton, british journalist<br />
<br />
Visited [[Kanchipuram]](Kanchi), the Adishtana Nagara of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam<br />
<br />
1932 – First visit to Kalahasti for Sivarathri and Thirumala Thirupathi<br />
<br />
1932 – Accepted the demise of the mother peacefully<br />
<br />
1933 – Inaugurated the Raja Govinda Dhikshidhar Patasala, visited Chidambaram<br />
<br />
1934 – Founded Santana [[Dharma]] Sabha at Hydrabad. Visited Varnasi <br />
<br />
1935 – Visit to Sanga [[Veda]] Vidhyalaya<br />
<br />
1936 – Visit to Puri Jaggannatham; Visit to Vijayanagara Samasthanam ; Visit to Simhachalam, bathing and Dhyanam at the falls<br />
<br />
1938 – Visit to Mangalgiri and Dharshan of Panaka Narsimhar<br />
<br />
1939 – Culmination of Sankalpa Yatra for 21 years. Founded the sangam of Sri Matam Mudradikarikal<br />
<br />
1941 – Kumbhabishegam of Bangara Kamakshi Amman temple at Tanjore<br />
<br />
1942 – Athi Rudra Yagas at Poovanur and Kattuputhur<br />
<br />
1943 – Mudradhikarigal Sammelanam at Thiruvanai Kovil<br />
<br />
1944 – Kumbhabishegam of Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple<br />
<br />
1945 – Annadhanam for Golden Jubilee of [[Advaita]] Sabha<br />
<br />
1947 – Silver Ratham to Kancho Kamakshi Amman; Independence Day message<br />
<br />
1949 – Athirudra at Thiruvidaimarudhur<br />
<br />
1950 – [[Thiruppavai]], [[Thiruvembavai]] Conference<br />
<br />
1952 – Proclamation as Guru<br />
<br />
1954 – Sanyasa Ashrama Upadesa of Chief Disciple Sri Jayendra Saraswathi ; Sashitiabdha poorthi of paramacharya at Kanchi. First Kanagabhishegam<br />
<br />
1956 – Diamond Jubilee of Advaita Sabha<br />
<br />
1957 – Golden Jubilee of Peetarohana, second Kanagabhishegam of Guru, visit to Madras<br />
<br />
1963 – Pradhishta of Sri [[Adi Sankara]] at Rameshwaram; Kumbhabishegam of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple at [[Madurai]]<br />
<br />
1965 – Akila Bharatha [[Veda]] Sammelan at Madras; Third Kanagabhishegam <br />
<br />
1966 – Conference of Pontiffs at Madras. Inaugurarion of [[Hindu]] Samaya Peravai. Launching Pidi Arisi thittam(handful of rice)<br />
<br />
1967 – Diamond Jubilee of the Peetarohana of Sri Acharya all over India<br />
<br />
1968 – Sahasra Chandi Homam at Kancheepuram; Akila [[Bharata]] Sarva Saka Veda Sammelan at Vijayavada<br />
<br />
1969 – Inauguration of [[Hindu]] [[Dharma]] Prathishtanam at Thirumalai; Introduction of [[Ahimsa]] Pattu (Ahimsa Silk)<br />
<br />
1971 – Camp at Karvet Nagar<br />
<br />
1976 – Kumbhabishegam of Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple, [[Kanchipuram]]; Release of the book Deivathin Kural (Voice of God)<br />
<br />
1978 – Vijaya Yatra to [[Andhra]] and Mahrashtra<br />
<br />
1980 –Camp at Sathara; Utthar Chidambaram [[Temple construction]] plan proposed<br />
<br />
1982 – Platinum Jubilee of peetarohana of Sri Acharya<br />
<br />
1983 – Ashrama Upadesa given to Sri Vijayendra Saraswathy Swamigal<br />
<br />
1987 – Janakalyan Movement launched at Kanchi Mutt<br />
<br />
1990 – Visit of Paramacharya and Sri [[Bala]] Periva to Madras. 97th Birth Anniversary of Paramacharya<br />
<br />
1992 – Formation of Satabdhi Mahotsava committee of Sri Paramacharya<br />
<br />
1993 – Satabdhi Mahotsavam of Sri Paramacharya; fourth Kanagabhishegam to Paramacharya. Message of Paramacharya to people. Lauching of year long Satabdi Mahotsav<br />
<br />
1994 – Mukthi of Paramacharya on January 8, 1994<br />
<br />
Reference: Prof. A. Ganpathy Raman</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Chandrasekharendra_Saraswati&diff=13967Chandrasekharendra Saraswati2011-11-18T22:02:20Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Jagadguru Sri Paramacharya Sri Sri Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi Swamigal <br />
<br />
Landmarks in a Centenary Life<br />
<br />
1894 – Paramacharya was born in Villupuram, given the name Swaminathan<br />
<br />
1905 – Upanayana<br />
<br />
1906 – Won a prize for playing the role of Price Arthur in the Play King John of Shakespeare<br />
<br />
1907 – The Pattabishegam was held at Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu for the 68th pontiff (Peetadhipathi) of Kanchi Kamakoti Mutt with a Deekasha name of Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi<br />
<br />
1908 – First Vijaya Yatra<br />
<br />
1909 – Vidyabyasa began at Mahendramngalam on the banks of Kaveri River<br />
<br />
1916 – Navarathri at Kumbakonam Mutt<br />
<br />
1917 – Honured the pundits by summoning the [[Advaita]] Sabha<br />
<br />
1919 – Lanched Vijaya Yatra for 21 years<br />
<br />
1921 – Mahamakham<br />
<br />
1922 – First Yatra to Rameswaram<br />
<br />
1923 – Thantaka Prathiksha to Goddess Akilandeshwari at Thiruvanaikovil. Dharshan of Samadhi of Sadasiva Brahmendra<br />
<br />
1924 – Relief for flood victims at Thiruvaiyaru, birth place of Thyagaraja<br />
<br />
1927 – Met mahatma Gandhi at Nallicheri near Palghat<br />
<br />
1928 – Visited the Samasthanam of Trvancore and Kochi<br />
<br />
1929 – First visit to Thiruvannamalai Deepa Dharshan<br />
<br />
1930 – Visited Adayabala, birth place of Appaya Dhikshidhar<br />
<br />
1931 – Gave interview to Paul Bronton, british journalist<br />
<br />
Visited [[Kanchipuram]](Kanchi), the Adishtana Nagara of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam<br />
<br />
1932 – First visit to Kalahasti for Sivarathri and Thirumala Thirupathi<br />
<br />
1932 – Accepted the demise of the mother peacefully<br />
<br />
1933 – Inaugurated the Raja Govinda Dhikshidhar Patasala, visited Chidambaram<br />
<br />
1934 – Founded Santana [[Dharma]] Sabha at Hydrabad. Visited Varnasi <br />
<br />
1935 – Visit to Sanga [[Veda]] Vidhyalaya<br />
<br />
1936 – Visit to Puri Jaggannatham; Visit to Vijayanagara Samasthanam ; Visit to Simhachalam, bathing and Dhyanam at the falls<br />
<br />
1938 – Visit to Mangalgiri and Dharshan of Panaka Narsimhar<br />
<br />
1939 – Culmination of Sankalpa Yatra for 21 years. Founded the sangam of Sri Matam Mudradikarikal<br />
<br />
1941 – Kumbhabishegam of Bangara Kamakshi Amman temple at Tanjore<br />
<br />
1942 – Athi Rudra Yagas at Poovanur and Kattuputhur<br />
<br />
1943 – Mudradhikarigal Sammelanam at Thiruvanai Kovil<br />
<br />
1944 – Kumbhabishegam of Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple<br />
<br />
1945 – Annadhanam for Golden Jubilee of [[Advaita]] Sabha<br />
<br />
1947 – Silver Ratham to Kancho Kamakshi Amman; Independence Day message<br />
<br />
1949 – Athirudra at Thiruvidaimarudhur<br />
<br />
1950 – [[Thiruppavai]], [[Thiruvembavai]] Conference<br />
<br />
1952 – Proclamation as Guru<br />
<br />
1954 – Sanyasa Ashrama Upadesa of Chief Disciple Sri Jayendra Saraswathi ; Sashitiabdha poorthi of paramacharya at Kanchi. First Kanagabhishegam<br />
<br />
1956 – Diamond Jubilee of Advaita Sabha<br />
<br />
1957 – Golden Jubilee of Peetarohana, second Kanagabhishegam of Guru, visit to Madras<br />
<br />
1963 – Pradhishta of Sri [[Adi Sankara]] at Rameshwaram; Kumbhabishegam of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple at [[Madurai]]<br />
<br />
1965 – Akila Bharatha [[Veda]] Sammelan at Madras; Third Kanagabhishegam <br />
<br />
1966 – Conference of Pontiffs at Madras. Inaugurarion of [[Hindu]] Samaya Peravai. Launching Pidi Arisi thittam(handful of rice)<br />
<br />
1967 – Diamond Jubilee of the Peetarohana of Sri Acharya all over India<br />
<br />
1968 – Sahasra Chandi Homam at Kancheepuram; Akila [[Bharata]] Sarva Saka Veda Sammelan at Vijayavada<br />
<br />
1969 – Inauguration of [[Hindu]] [[Dharma]] Prathishtanam at Thirumalai; Introduction of [[Ahimsa]] Pattu (Ahimsa Silk)<br />
<br />
1971 – Camp at Karvet Nagar<br />
<br />
1976 – Kumbhabishegam of Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple, [[Kanchipuram]]; Release of the book Deivathin Kural (Voice of God)<br />
<br />
1978 – Vijaya Yatra to [[Andhra]] and Mahrashtra<br />
<br />
1980 –Camp at Sathara; Utthar Chidambaram [[Temple construction]] plan proposed<br />
<br />
1982 – Platinum Jubilee of peetarohana of Sri Acharya<br />
<br />
1983 – Ashrama Upadesa given to Sri Vijayendra Saraswathy Swamigal<br />
<br />
1987 – Janakalyan Movement launched at Kanchi Mutt<br />
<br />
1990 – Visit of Paramacharya and Sri [[Bala]] Periva to Madras. 97th Birth Anniversary of Paramacharya<br />
<br />
1992 – Formation of Satabdhi Mahotsava committee of Sri Paramacharya<br />
<br />
1993 – Satabdhi Mahotsavam of Sri Paramacharya; fourth Kanagabhishegam to Paramacharya. Message of Paramacharya to people. Lauching of year long Satabdi Mahotsav<br />
<br />
1994 – Mukthi of Paramacharya on January 8, 1994</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Chandrasekharendra_Saraswati&diff=13966Chandrasekharendra Saraswati2011-11-18T21:59:12Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Jagadguru Sri Paramacharya Sri Sri Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi Swamigal <br />
<br />
Landmarks in a Centenary Life<br />
<br />
1894 – Paramacharya was born in Villupuram, given the name Swaminathan<br />
1905 – Upanayana<br />
1906 – Won a prize for playing the role of Price Arthur in the Play King John of Shakespeare<br />
1907 – The Pattabishegam was held at Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu for the 68th pontiff (Peetadhipathi) of Kanchi Kamakoti Mutt with a Deekasha name of Chndrasekarendra Saraswathi.<br />
1908 – First Vijaya Yatra <br />
1909 – Vidyabyasa began at Mahendramngalam on the banks of Kaveri River<br />
1916 – Navarathri at Kumbakonam Mutt<br />
1917 – Honured the pundits by summoning the [[Advaita]] Sabha<br />
1919 – Lanched Vijaya Yatra for 21 years<br />
1921 – Mahamakham <br />
1922 – First Yatra to Rameswaram<br />
1923 – Thantaka Prathiksha to Goddess Akilandeshwari at Thiruvanaikovil. Dharshan of Samadhi of Sadasiva Brahmendra<br />
1924 – Relief for flood victims at Thiruvaiyaru, birth place of Thyagaraja<br />
1927 – Met mahatma Gandhi at Nallicheri near Palghat<br />
1928 – Visited the Samasthanam of Trvancore and Kochi<br />
1929 – First visit to Thiruvannamalai Deepa Dharshan<br />
1930 – Visited Adayabala, birth place of Appaya Dhikshidhar<br />
1931 – Gave interview to Paul Bronton, british journalist<br />
Visited [[Kanchipuram]](Kanchi), the Adishtana Nagara of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam.<br />
1932 – First visit to Kalahasti for Sivarathri and Thirumala Thirupathi<br />
1932 – Accepted the demise of the mother peacefully<br />
1933 – Inaugurated the Raja Govinda Dhikshidhar Patasala, visited Chidambaram<br />
1934 – Founded Santana [[Dharma]] Sabha at Hydrabad. Visited Varnasi <br />
1935 – Visit to Sanga [[Veda]] Vidhyalaya<br />
1936 – Visit to Puri Jaggannatham; Visit to Vijayanagara Samasthanam ; Visit to Simhachalam, bathing and Dhyanam at the falls<br />
1938 – Visit to Mangalgiri and Dharshan of Panaka Narsimhar<br />
1939 – Culmination of Sankalpa Yatra for 21 years. Founded the sangam of Sri Matam Mudradikarikal<br />
1941 – Kumbhabishegam of Bangara Kamakshi Amman temple at Tanjore<br />
1942 – Athi Rudra Yagas at Poovanur and Kattuputhur<br />
1943 – Mudradhikarigal Sammelanam at Thiruvanai Kovil<br />
1944 – Kumbhabishegam of Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple<br />
1945 – Annadhanam for Golden Jubilee of [[Advaita]] Sabha<br />
1947 – Silver Ratham to Kancho Kamakshi Amman; Independence Day message<br />
1949 – Athirudra at Thiruvidaimarudhur<br />
1950 – [[Thiruppavai]], [[Thiruvembavai]] Conference<br />
1952 – Proclamation as Guru<br />
1954 – Sanyasa Ashrama Upadesa of Chief Disciple Sri Jayendra Saraswathi ; Sashitiabdha poorthi of paramacharya at Kanchi. First Kanagabhishegam<br />
1956 – Diamond Jubilee of Advaita Sabha<br />
1957 – Golden Jubilee of Peetarohana, second Kanagabhishegam of Guru, visit to Madras<br />
1963 – Pradhishta of Sri [[Adi Sankara]] at Rameshwaram; Kumbhabishegam of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple at [[Madurai]]<br />
1965 – Akila Bharatha [[Veda]] Sammelan at Madras; Third Kanagabhishegam <br />
1966 – Conference of Pontiffs at Madras. Inaugurarion of [[Hindu]] Samaya Peravai. Launching Pidi Arisi thittam(handful of rice)<br />
1967 – Diamond Jubilee of the Peetarohana of Sri Acharya all over India<br />
1968 – Sahasra Chandi Homam at Kancheepuram; Akila [[Bharata]] Sarva Saka Veda Sammelan at Vijayavada<br />
1969 – Inauguration of [[Hindu]] [[Dharma]] Prathishtanam at Thirumalai; Introduction of [[Ahimsa]] Pattu (Ahimsa Silk)<br />
1971 – Camp at Karvet nagar<br />
1976 – Kumbhabishegam of Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple, [[Kanchipuram]]; Release of the book Deivathin Kural (Voice of God)<br />
1978 – Vijaya Yatra to [[Andhra]] and Mahrashtra<br />
1980 –Camp at Sathara; Utthar Chidambaram [[Temple construction]] plan proposed<br />
1982 – Platinum Jubilee of peetarohana of Sri Acharya<br />
1983 – Ashrama Upadesa given to Sri Vijayendra Saraswathy Swamigal<br />
1987 – Janakalyan Movement launched at Kanchi Mutt<br />
1990 – Visit of Paramacharya and Sri [[Bala]] Periva to Madras. 97th Birth Anniversary of Paramacharya<br />
1992 – Formation of Satabdhi Mahotsava committee of Sri Paramacharya<br />
1993 – Satabdhi Mahotsavam of Sri Paramacharya; fourth Kanagabhishegam to Paramacharya. Message of Paramacharya to people. Lauching of year long Satabdi Mahotsav<br />
1994 – Mukthi of Paramacharya on January 8, 1994</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Chandrasekharendra_Saraswati&diff=13965Chandrasekharendra Saraswati2011-11-18T21:58:32Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Thus Spake The Paramacharya by Prof. A. Ganapathi Raman, M.A., M.Ed.</p>
<hr />
<div>Jagadguru Sri Paramacharya Sri Sri Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi Swamigal <br />
Landmarks in a Centenary Life<br />
1894 – Paramacharya was born in Villupuram, given the name Swaminathan<br />
1905 – Upanayana<br />
1906 – Won a prize for playing the role of Price Arthur in the Play King John of Shakespeare<br />
1907 – The Pattabishegam was held at Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu for the 68th pontiff (Peetadhipathi) of Kanchi Kamakoti Mutt with a Deekasha name of Chndrasekarendra Saraswathi.<br />
1908 – First Vijaya Yatra <br />
1909 – Vidyabyasa began at Mahendramngalam on the banks of Kaveri River<br />
1916 – Navarathri at Kumbakonam Mutt<br />
1917 – Honured the pundits by summoning the [[Advaita]] Sabha<br />
1919 – Lanched Vijaya Yatra for 21 years<br />
1921 – Mahamakham <br />
1922 – First Yatra to Rameswaram<br />
1923 – Thantaka Prathiksha to Goddess Akilandeshwari at Thiruvanaikovil. Dharshan of Samadhi of Sadasiva Brahmendra<br />
1924 – Relief for flood victims at Thiruvaiyaru, birth place of Thyagaraja<br />
1927 – Met mahatma Gandhi at Nallicheri near Palghat<br />
1928 – Visited the Samasthanam of Trvancore and Kochi<br />
1929 – First visit to Thiruvannamalai Deepa Dharshan<br />
1930 – Visited Adayabala, birth place of Appaya Dhikshidhar<br />
1931 – Gave interview to Paul Bronton, british journalist<br />
Visited [[Kanchipuram]](Kanchi), the Adishtana Nagara of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam.<br />
1932 – First visit to Kalahasti for Sivarathri and Thirumala Thirupathi<br />
1932 – Accepted the demise of the mother peacefully<br />
1933 – Inaugurated the Raja Govinda Dhikshidhar Patasala, visited Chidambaram<br />
1934 – Founded Santana [[Dharma]] Sabha at Hydrabad. Visited Varnasi <br />
1935 – Visit to Sanga [[Veda]] Vidhyalaya<br />
1936 – Visit to Puri Jaggannatham; Visit to Vijayanagara Samasthanam ; Visit to Simhachalam, bathing and Dhyanam at the falls<br />
1938 – Visit to Mangalgiri and Dharshan of Panaka Narsimhar<br />
1939 – Culmination of Sankalpa Yatra for 21 years. Founded the sangam of Sri Matam Mudradikarikal<br />
1941 – Kumbhabishegam of Bangara Kamakshi Amman temple at Tanjore<br />
1942 – Athi Rudra Yagas at Poovanur and Kattuputhur<br />
1943 – Mudradhikarigal Sammelanam at Thiruvanai Kovil<br />
1944 – Kumbhabishegam of Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple<br />
1945 – Annadhanam for Golden Jubilee of [[Advaita]] Sabha<br />
1947 – Silver Ratham to Kancho Kamakshi Amman; Independence Day message<br />
1949 – Athirudra at Thiruvidaimarudhur<br />
1950 – [[Thiruppavai]], [[Thiruvembavai]] Conference<br />
1952 – Proclamation as Guru<br />
1954 – Sanyasa Ashrama Upadesa of Chief Disciple Sri Jayendra Saraswathi ; Sashitiabdha poorthi of paramacharya at Kanchi. First Kanagabhishegam<br />
1956 – Diamond Jubilee of Advaita Sabha<br />
1957 – Golden Jubilee of Peetarohana, second Kanagabhishegam of Guru, visit to Madras<br />
1963 – Pradhishta of Sri [[Adi Sankara]] at Rameshwaram; Kumbhabishegam of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple at [[Madurai]]<br />
1965 – Akila Bharatha [[Veda]] Sammelan at Madras; Third Kanagabhishegam <br />
1966 – Conference of Pontiffs at Madras. Inaugurarion of [[Hindu]] Samaya Peravai. Launching Pidi Arisi thittam(handful of rice)<br />
1967 – Diamond Jubilee of the Peetarohana of Sri Acharya all over India<br />
1968 – Sahasra Chandi Homam at Kancheepuram; Akila [[Bharata]] Sarva Saka Veda Sammelan at Vijayavada<br />
1969 – Inauguration of [[Hindu]] [[Dharma]] Prathishtanam at Thirumalai; Introduction of [[Ahimsa]] Pattu (Ahimsa Silk)<br />
1971 – Camp at Karvet nagar<br />
1976 – Kumbhabishegam of Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple, [[Kanchipuram]]; Release of the book Deivathin Kural (Voice of God)<br />
1978 – Vijaya Yatra to [[Andhra]] and Mahrashtra<br />
1980 –Camp at Sathara; Utthar Chidambaram [[Temple construction]] plan proposed<br />
1982 – Platinum Jubilee of peetarohana of Sri Acharya<br />
1983 – Ashrama Upadesa given to Sri Vijayendra Saraswathy Swamigal<br />
1987 – Janakalyan Movement launched at Kanchi Mutt<br />
1990 – Visit of Paramacharya and Sri [[Bala]] Periva to Madras. 97th Birth Anniversary of Paramacharya<br />
1992 – Formation of Satabdhi Mahotsava committee of Sri Paramacharya<br />
1993 – Satabdhi Mahotsavam of Sri Paramacharya; fourth Kanagabhishegam to Paramacharya. Message of Paramacharya to people. Lauching of year long Satabdi Mahotsav<br />
1994 – Mukthi of Paramacharya on January 8, 1994</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Modern_Advaitins&diff=13964Talk:Modern Advaitins2011-11-18T16:38:27Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>category:Sages<br />
<br />
<small>By [[User:Ramesh Krishnamurthy|Ramesh Krishnamurthy]]</small><br />
<br />
This page lists key personalities associated with the classical Advaita-Vedanta tradition since the 19th century, including contemporary exponents.<br />
<br />
'''Totāpuri (early 1800s)'''<br />
<br />
A Daśanāmī saṃnyāsin and guru of Rāmakṛṣṇa Paramahaṃsa.<br />
<br />
'''Sacchidānanda Śivābhinava Nṛsiṃha Bhāratī'''<br />
<br />
Head of the Śṛṅgerī Pītha from 1879-1912, he was instrumental in re-discovering Adi Shankaracharya's birthplace at Kaladi and establishing a branch there. His students included Venkataraman (subsequently Bhāratī Kṛṣṇa Tīrtha, the head of the Govardhana Pītha in the early 20th century), K. Ramachandra Aiyar (subsequently Rāmānanda Sarasvatī) and Virūpākṣa Śāstrī.<br />
<br />
'''Vivekānanda (1863-1902)'''<br />
<br />
See main page: [[Vivekananda]]<br />
<br />
Swami Vivekananda sought to present Vedanta not just as a path to mokṣa but as a system that could revitalize India's national consciousness and regenerate pride in its spiritual heritage. Following his epic speech at the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893, he returned to India and went on to establish the Ramakrishna Math & Mission. While the organization is most well known for its social service activities, it has also produced some scholarly saṃnyāsin-s who have translated some of the Vedanta classics into English, Hindi, Tamil and various other languages and made them available to the general public. <br />
<br />
'''Ramaṇa Maharṣi (1879-1950)'''<br />
<br />
See main page: [[Ramana Maharshi]]<br />
<br />
'''Rāma Tīrtha'''<br />
<br />
See main page: [[Rama Tirtha]]<br />
<br />
'''Virūpākṣa Śāstrī (1873-1936)'''<br />
<br />
Born into a Yajurvedin family in 1873, he studied Tarka, Mīmāṃsa and other disciplines from traditional scholars at a young age. Subsequently he came in touch with Śrī Sacchidānanda Śivābhinava Nṛsiṃha Bhāratī of Śṛṅgerī and received from him upadeśa on Vedanta as well as Śrīvidyā. He came to be widely respected for his knowledge, vairāgya and sagely qualities. <br />
<br />
After the mahāsamādhi of Śrī Sacchidānanda Śivābhinava Nṛsiṃha Bhāratī, he was charged with the responsibility of training the young Sri Chandrasekhara Bharati on Vedānta, Tarka, Mīmāṃsa and Śrīvidyā. In 1932, he obtained saṃnyāsa under the yogapaṭṭa of Vidābhinava Vālukeśvara Bhāratī and assumed charge of the maṭha at Kudali in Karnataka state.<br />
<br />
'''Śivānanda Sarasvatī (1887-1963)''' <br />
<br />
A descendant of the great Appayya Dīkṣita, Swami Sivananda was born as Kuppusvāmī at Pattamadai near Tirunelveli in the Tamil region. After an early career as a medical doctor, he took up saṃnyāsa at Rishikesh in 1924 and founded an organization named the Divine Life Society. His disciples over the years included such great names as Swami Chinmayananda, Swami Satyananda (of the Satyananda Yoga movement) and Swami Krishnananda. <br />
<br />
'''Candraśekhara Bhārati (1892-1954)'''<br />
<br />
Head of the Śṛṅgerī Pītha from 1912-1954. Born as Narasimha in 1892 to Gopala Sastri and Lakshmamma, he was the 12th child of his parents and the only one to survive infancy. He was a favorite student of the then Śṛṅgerī Pīthādhipati, Srī Sacchidānanda Śivābhinava Nṛsiṃha Bhāratī, and succeeded the latter as pīthādhipati in 1912.<br />
<br />
He authored a vyākhyāna in Sanskrit on Adi Shankaracharya's Vivekacūḍāmaṇi.<br />
<br />
'''Candraśekharendra Sarasvatī (1894-1994)'''<br />
<br />
See main page: [[Chandrasekharendra Saraswati]]<br />
<br />
'''Anantakṛṣṇa Śāstrī (1886-?)'''<br />
<br />
Hailing from the village of Nurani in what is now the Palakkad district of Kerala, Sri NS Anantakrishna Sastri studied at the traditional pāṭhaśālā-s at Chittoor (Kerala) and Chidambaram (Tamil Nadu) and subsequently joined the Sanskrit College in Chennai. From 1917-1947 he served as a professor at the University of Calcutta.<br />
<br />
His works include:<br />
<br />
Prabhā: A sub-commentary on Adi Shankaracharya's Brahmasūtra-Bhāṣya <br><br />
Paribhāṣā-prakāśikā: A sub-commentary on the Vedānta-Paribhāṣā of Dharmarāja-Adhvarin <br><br />
Śatabhūṣaṇī: A response to the Śatadūṣaṇī of Vedānta Deśika. <br><br />
Vedānta-Rakṣāmaṇi and Advaita-Dīpīkā: Independent texts on Advaita-Vedanta. <br><br />
Mīmāṃsa-Śāstra-Saṃgraha: Treatise on Mīmāṃsa <br><br />
<br />
'''Tapovan Mahārāj (1889-1957)'''<br />
<br />
Tapovan Maharaj, a native of Kerala, was initiated into saṃnyāsa by Janārdhana Giri of the Kailāś Āśram, Rishikesh. He lived a solitary life near Uttarkashi in the Garhwal Himalaya. Swami Sivananda of Rishikesh sent his disciple Swami Chinmayananda to Tapovan Maharaj for instruction in Vedanta.<br />
<br />
'''Tārānanda Giri''' <br />
<br />
A great saṃnyāsin and scholar from the Kailāś Āśram, Rishikesh and one of the guru-s of Swami Dayananda Saraswati.<br />
<br />
'''Cinmayānanda (1916-1993)'''<br />
<br />
Born Balakrishna Menon in Kerala in 1916, Swami Chinmayananda received his saṃnyāsa initiation from Swami Sivananda of Rishikesh. He then studied Vedanta for 8 years under Tapovan Maharaj at Uttarkashi. He went on to establish the Chinmaya Mission and contributed greatly to the awareness of the classical Vedanta tradition among the English-educated populace in India.<br />
<br />
'''Abhinava Vidyātīrtha (1917-1989)'''<br />
<br />
Head of the Śṛṅgerī Pītha from 1954-1989. Born as Srinivasan in 1917, he was initiated into saṃnyāsa at the tender age of 11 by his guru Sri Chandrasekhara Bharati. Temperamentally inclined to the royal path of yoga, he was given the yogapatta of Abhinava Vidyātīrtha (literally, the "New Vidyātīrtha") in memory of the great sage Vidyātīrtha (Vidyāśaṃkara Tīrtha) who had headed the Śṛṅgerī Pītha in the 13th century and was likewise a master of the yoga-sāstra.<br />
<br />
'''Vidyānanda Giri (1921-2007)'''<br />
<br />
Born Chandan Sharma near Patna in Bihar in 1921, he was the 10th head of Kailāś Āśram, Rishikesh (1969-2007). He obtained saṃnyāsa from Maheśānanda Giri in 1968. Prior to saṃnyāsa he taught at the Dakṣiṇāmūrti-maṭha in Varanasi and the Viśvanātha-Saṃskṛta-Mahāvidyālaya in Delhi.<br />
<br />
He is well-known for his numerous Hindi translations and commentaries on classical Vedantic texts. His Sanskrit works include a ṭīkā on the Śrutisārasamuddhāraṇa of Toṭakācārya and a chātratoṣinī (students' guide) on the Tattvapradīpikā of Citsukha.<br />
<br />
'''Dayānanda Sarasvatī (1930- )'''<br />
<br />
Born as Natarājan in the village of Manjakkudi in Tiruvarur district (Tamil Nadu), Swami Dayananda Saraswati is a distinguished teacher of traditional Vedanta. Having taken saṃnyāsa in 1962, he studied classical Vedanta under Swami Chinmayananda, Swami Tarananda Giri and Swami Pranavananda, and soon emerged as one of the most renowned exponents of the traditional teaching methodology in modern times.<br />
<br />
The gurukula-s established by Swami Dayananda at Coimbatore, Nagpur, Rishikesh and Saylorsborg (USA) have brought Vedanta to thousands of earnest seekers around the world.<br />
<br />
He convened the Hindu Dharma Ācārya Sabhā, an apex body of traditional maṭhādhipati-s from various Hindu sampradāya-s, in 2000, and established the All India Movement for Seva (AIM for Seva, www.aimforseva.org) in 2001. <br />
<br />
'''Godā Venkateśvara Śāstrī'''<br />
<br />
A resident of Chennai, Brahmasri Goda Venkatesvara Sastri is a leading contemporary scholar and exponent of classical Advaita-Vedānta, Mīmāṃsa and Śrīvidyā. He is also recognized as an authority on Ayurveda. He has been teaching Vedanta, Śrīvidyā and allied subjects in Chennai for over 25 years.<br />
<br />
'''Jayendra Sarasvatī (1935- )'''<br />
<br />
Srī Jayendra Sarasvatī is the current head of the Kāmakoṭi Pīṭha at Kanchipuram.<br />
<br />
'''Bhāratī Tīrtha (1951- )'''<br />
<br />
Srī Bhāratī Tīrtha is the current head of the Śṛṅgerī Pītha. <br />
<br />
'''Maṇi Drāviḍ Śāstrī'''<br />
<br />
Sri Mani Dravid Sastri, a resident of Chennai and professor at the Sanskrit College in Chennai, is one of the leading contemporary exponents of classical Advaita-Vedānta, Mīmāṃsa and Tarka. <br />
<br />
'''Paramārthānanda Sarasvatī'''<br />
<br />
Swami Paramarthananda, a disciple of Swami Dayananda Sarasvati, is one of the leading teachers of classical Advaita Vedanta today. He takes regular classes, mostly in Chennai, on various aspects of the Dharma and is particularly recognized for his clear exposition of key Vedantic texts.</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Jain_Dharm&diff=13963Jain Dharm2011-11-18T16:33:24Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Jainism recognizes two fundamental principles – the jivatattva (living objects) and the ajivatattva (non-living objects). These two principles come into contact with one another and forge certain energies that bring forth birth, various experiences of life, and death. <br />
<br />
There is a five-fold ethical code in Jainism:<br />
<br />
[[Ahimsa]] – non-violence<br />
Satya – truth<br />
Asteya – non-stealing<br />
[[Brahmacharya]] – celibacy<br />
Aparigraha – non-acceptance of gifts</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Jain_Dharm&diff=13962Jain Dharm2011-11-18T16:32:39Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Jainism recognizes two fundamental principles – the jivatattva (living objects) and the ajivatattva (non-living objects). These two principles come into contact with one anothe..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Jainism recognizes two fundamental principles – the jivatattva (living objects) and the ajivatattva (non-living objects). These two principles come into contact with one another and forge certain energies that bring forth birth, various experiences of life, and death. <br />
<br />
There is a five-fold ethical code in Jainism:<br />
<br />
[[Ahimsa]] – non-violencce<br />
Satya – truth<br />
Asteya – non-stealing<br />
[[Brahmacharya]] – celibacy<br />
Aparigraha – non-acceptance of gifts</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Bauddh_Dharm&diff=13961Bauddh Dharm2011-11-18T15:34:27Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Gautama Buddha’s teaching of four noble truths and eightfold noble path are called Buddhism. The four noble truths: dukha or existence of suffering in the world dukha-sa..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Gautama [[Buddha]]’s teaching of four noble truths and eightfold noble path are called Buddhism. <br />
<br />
The four noble truths: <br />
dukha or existence of suffering in the world<br />
dukha-samudhaya or cause for suffereing<br />
dukhanirodha or it is possible to stop suffering<br />
dukha-nirodha marga or way out of the suffering. <br />
<br />
Eightfold noble path: <br />
samyagdrsti or right views<br />
samyak-sankalpa or right resolve<br />
samyak-karmanta or right conduct<br />
samyagjiva or right livelihood<br />
samyag-vyayama or right effort<br />
samyak-smrti or right mindfulness<br />
samyak-samadhi or right concentration</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Carnatic&diff=13913Carnatic2011-11-17T00:15:57Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Telugu krithis==<br />
<br />
* [[Sri Hari Sarana Saptakam]]<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
==Kannada Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Tamil Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Malayalam Krithis==<br />
<br />
==[[Sanskrit]] Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Hindi Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Wedding Songs==</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Carnatic&diff=13912Carnatic2011-11-17T00:15:18Z<p>Anu Moorthy: /* Telugu krithis */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Telugu krithis==<br />
<br />
* [[Sri Hari Sarana Saptakam]]<br />
*Introduction<br />
<br />
==Kannada Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Tamil Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Malayalam Krithis==<br />
<br />
==[[Sanskrit]] Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Hindi Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Wedding Songs==</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Carnatic&diff=13911Carnatic2011-11-17T00:14:36Z<p>Anu Moorthy: /* Telugu krithis */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Telugu krithis==<br />
<br />
* [[Sri Hari Sarana Saptakam]]<br />
<br />
==Kannada Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Tamil Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Malayalam Krithis==<br />
<br />
==[[Sanskrit]] Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Hindi Krithis==<br />
<br />
==Wedding Songs==</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=13896Main Page2011-11-14T01:31:58Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
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|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
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** [[Upanishad]]<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
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|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
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* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* Agriculture<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* Social Structure<br />
* Polity and Governance<br />
* Economy<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* [[Buddhism]]<br />
* [[Jain Dharma]]<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* Christianity<br />
* Judaism<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=User:Anu_Moorthy&diff=13877User:Anu Moorthy2011-11-02T01:36:36Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>''Anu Moorthy is a Librarian. She loves to read and to play with technology. She loves to travel and plays the veena, and enjoys music!<br />
She is a lifelong volunteer: she teaches computer classes for the seniors, helps at the school library, and volunteers as a “skill-based volunteer” for a nonprofit organization when she is not working as a Librarian!</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Town_Planning&diff=13876Town Planning2011-11-02T01:32:43Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Town Planning of Mohenjodaro:<br />
Mohenjodaro had outstanding town planning. The streets, which divided the city into neat rectangular or square blocks, varied in width but always intersected each other at right angles.<br />
The city had an elaborate drainage system consisting of horizontal and vertical drains, street drains and so on. The architecture of the buildings was functional!</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Town_Planning&diff=13875Town Planning2011-11-02T01:31:21Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Mohenjodaro had outstanding town planning. The streets, which divided the city into neat rectangular or square blocks, varied in width but always intersected each other at right ..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Mohenjodaro had outstanding town planning. The streets, which divided the city into neat rectangular or square blocks, varied in width but always intersected each other at right angles.<br />
The city had an elaborate drainage system consisting of horizontal and vertical drains, street drains and so on. The architecture of the buildings was functional!</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=13874Main Page2011-11-02T01:28:42Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
* [[Unique Features]]<br />
|-<br />
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* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* Divinity<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* Karma in Individual Live<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* Agriculture<br />
* [[Town Planning]]<br />
* Social Structure<br />
* Polity and Governance<br />
* Economy<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* Buddhism<br />
* Jain Dharma<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* Christianity<br />
* Judaism<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=History_of_Education&diff=13810History of Education2011-10-23T21:12:49Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Ancient Indian education is also to be understood as being ultimately the outcome of the Indian theory of knowledge as part of the corresponding scheme of life and values. "He w..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Ancient Indian education is also to be understood as being ultimately the outcome of the Indian theory of knowledge as part of the corresponding scheme of life and values. <br />
"He who is possessed of supreme knowledge by concentration of mind, must have his senses under control, like spirited steeds controlled by a charioteer." says the Katha [[Upanishad]] (iii, 6). <br />
From the Vedic age downwards the central conception of education of the Indians has been that it is a source of illumination giving us a correct lead in the various spheres of life. <br />
Knowledge, says one thinker, is the third eye of man, which gives him insight into all affairs and teaches him how to act. (Subhishitaratnasandhoha p. 194). <br />
As per classical Indian tradition “Sa vidya ya vimuktaye”, (that which liberates us is education).</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=13809Main Page2011-10-23T21:10:04Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* Divinity<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* Karma in Individual Live<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* Agriculture<br />
* Town Planning<br />
* Social Structure<br />
* Polity and Governance<br />
* Economy<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
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{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* [[History of Education]]<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* Buddhism<br />
* Jain Dharma<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* Christianity<br />
* Judaism<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
required of this type of effort and ensure that Hindupedia continues to be the best source of<br />
unbiased information on Hinduism. We will strive to hold ourselves to the highest level of integrity and provide a factual and neutral perspective on all topics. On contentious issues, we will strive to present the information from all sides<br />
and provide the reader with a holistic view of the issue.<br />
<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Trade_and_Shipping&diff=13808Trade and Shipping2011-10-23T21:04:29Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Source: http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Seafaring_in_Ancient_India.htm</p>
<hr />
<div>India, situated at the central point of the ocean that washes on its coast on three sides, seemed destined very early for a maritime future. In the [[Rig Veda]], a passage (I. 25.7) represents Varuna having a full knowledge of the sea routes, and another (L. 56.2) speaks of merchants going everywhere and frequenting every part of the sea for gain. <br />
ndian traders would set sail from the port of Mahabalipuram, carrying with them cinnamon, pepper and their civilization to the shores of Java, Cambodia and [[Bali]].</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=13807Main Page2011-10-23T21:00:31Z<p>Anu Moorthy: </p>
<hr />
<div>Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia, is devoted to educating the public about all aspects of Hinduism ranging from<br />
history and philosophy to current events that impact Hindus. <br />
<br />
We are the only online Hindu encyclopedia that provides the public with a traditional perspective on<br />
our religion and way of life.<br />
<br />
There are [[Special:Statistics | '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] articles on Hindupedia.<br />
<br />
{| class="cleantable"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="350pt"|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|General Introduction}}<br />
* [[Key Beliefs]]<br />
* [[Hindu|Origin of the Name "Hinduism"]]<br />
* Definition and Scope <br />
* [[Who is a Hindu?]]<br />
* Primary Streams of Hinduism<br />
* [[Overview|Introduction to Sanatana Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}}|{{mp-topicheader-h3|Shastra (Scripture & Literature)}}<br />
* [[Overview Of Scriptures]]<br />
* [[Veda]]<br />
** [[Upanishad]]<br />
* [[Smriti]]<br />
* [[Agama|Agama & Tantra]]<br />
* [[Darsana]]<br />
* Regional Shastra<br />
* Other Shastra<br />
* [[Itihasa]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Core Concepts}}<br />
* [[Basic Philosophical Concepts]]<br />
* [[Vedanta]] (Schools of Philosophy)<br />
* [[Principle of Transcendence]]<br />
* [[Time & Space]]<br />
<br />
* Cycle of Birth & Death<br />
* [[Worship]]<br />
* [[Devata]]<br />
* [[Yajna]]<br />
* [[Consciousness Studies]]<br />
* Divinity<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
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|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Means to Salvation|Approaches to Salvation]]}}<br />
* [[Mantra Marga]]<br />
* [[Gyana Marga]]<br />
* [[Bhakti Marga]]<br />
* [[Karma Marga]]<br />
* [[Yoga]]<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} |{{mp-topicheader-h3|Individual and Social Life}}<br />
* [[Dharma]]<br />
* Karma in Individual Live<br />
* [[Purushartha]]<br />
* [[Varna Ashrama Dharma]]<br />
* [[Women]]<br />
* [[Institutions]]<br />
* [[Patriotism]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Arts}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Art and Texts<br />
* [[Symbols]]<br />
* [[Dance]]<br />
* [[Music]]<br />
* [[Sculpture]]<br />
* [[Poetry]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Civilization}}<br />
* Agriculture<br />
* Town Planning<br />
* Social Structure<br />
* Polity and Governance<br />
* Economy<br />
* [[Trade and Shipping]]<br />
* [[Political Philosophy]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
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|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|[[Spiritual Traditions|Parampara]]}}<br />
* [[Shanmatas]] (Theistic/Devotional Sects)<br />
* [[Vaishnava]]<br />
* [[Śākta]]<br />
* [[Saiva]]<br />
* [[Ganapatya]]<br />
* Folk & Tribal<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Living Traditions}}<br />
* [[Festivals]]<br />
* [[Pilgrimages]]<br />
* [[Temples]]<br />
* [[Sants|Great Sages]]<br />
* [[Organizations]]<br />
* [[Deities]]<br />
* [[Stotra]]<br />
* [[Customs & Practices]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Sciences}}<br />
* Philosophy of Indian Science and Texts<br />
* [[Ayurveda]]<br />
* [[Jyotisha]] ([[Astrology]] and [[Astronomy]])<br />
* [[Metallurgy]]<br />
* [[Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Astronomy]]<br />
* [[Cosmology]]<br />
* [[Physical Sciences]]<br />
* [[Chemistry]]<br />
* [[Engineering and Technology]]<br />
* [[Vastu]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|History}}<br />
* [[Origins]]<br />
* [[Political History]]<br />
* [[Revolutionaries]]<br />
* [[Kingdoms]]<br />
* [[Martial History]]<br />
* [[The spread of Hinduism]]<br />
<br />
* History of Education<br />
* History of Sciences<br />
* History of Social Changes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Nastika Systems of thought}}<br />
* Charvaka<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Outgrowths of Hinduism}}<br />
* Buddhism<br />
* Jain Dharma<br />
* [[Sikh Dharma]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|{{mp-topicbody-style}} | {{mp-topicheader-h3|Interactions with Abrahamic Religions}}<br />
* [[Islam]]<br />
* Christianity<br />
* Judaism<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* [[Terms and Definitions]]<br />
* [[Special:AllPages|Article Index]]<br />
* [[Pronunciation Guide]]<br />
<br />
==EDITORS OF HINDUPEDIA==<br />
Every editor of Hindupedia will to the best of his/her ability strive to maintain the high standards<br />
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__NOTOC__<br />
__NONSFOOTER__<br />
__NOFOOTER__<br />
__NOAUTOLINK__</div>Anu Moorthyhttps://hindupedia.com/index.php?title=Revolutionaries&diff=13806Revolutionaries2011-10-23T20:55:01Z<p>Anu Moorthy: Created page with "Raja Ram Mohan Roy Swami Vivekananda Sri Ramakrishna Sri Aurobindo Bhagat Singh Lala Lajpat Rai Bal Gangatar Tilak Subhas Chandra Bose"</p>
<hr />
<div>Raja Ram Mohan Roy<br />
[[Swami Vivekananda]]<br />
Sri Ramakrishna<br />
Sri Aurobindo<br />
[[Bhagat]] Singh<br />
Lala Lajpat Rai<br />
Bal Gangatar [[Tilak]]<br />
Subhas Chandra Bose</div>Anu Moorthy