By Jit Majumdar
- extreme frugality
- extreme self-denial; overt asceticism
- in brahminical mores, a kind of penance where the sinner is required to live on only one mouthful of food, once in the mornings and once in the evening for 3 days, followed by 3 days of sustenance of food that is only received as alms without asking, followed by another 3 days of fasting (M. Sańhitā).