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Nirviśesa

From Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia

By Swami Harshananda

Nirviśesa literally means ‘that which is without special characteristics’.

The nature of the highest Reality, generally designated by the word ‘Brahman’ in the Upaniṣads, is an important point of discussion in the Vedānta philosophy, considered as the crest-jewel of philosophical systems. According to the Advaita Vedānta, Brahman has two lakṣaṇas or characteristics:

  1. Taṭasthalakṣaṇa - accidental characteristic
  2. Svarṅpalakṣaṇa - intrinsic characteristic

When Brahman is described as responsible for the creation or evolution of this world[1] it is the first lakṣaṇa that has been indicated. This is only an indirect way of pointing towards it. However, in its own intrinsic nature it is described as ‘nirviśeṣa-cinmātra-svarupa’. It is pure consciousness without any viśeṣas or qualities. It is this essential nature of Brahman that is indicated by the word ‘nirviśeṣa’.

Another word used in the same sense is ‘nirguṇa’.[2]


References[edit]

  1. The Brahmasutras 1.1.2
  2. Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 6.11
  • The Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Swami Harshananda, Ram Krishna Math, Bangalore

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