Kshama and Pashchanutap
Kshama is a principle that people are encouraged to uphold. If we cannot forgive others when they have accepted they were wrong and they have shown sincerity, we cannot then expect to be forgiven for our own karma and achieve Moksha. It is 1 of the 5 niyamas, which together with the 5 Precepts, sum to be 10 vows a human ought to follow in Rishi Patanjali’s Yoga Samkhya worldview for living a decent life.
Pashchanutap specifically means “repentance,” as it comes the words ‘pashcha’ (after), ‘anu’ (reflect), and ‘tap’ (heat). Although ‘pashchtapa’ is used in context for repentance, it can be synonymously used in other context for regret. Repentance is regret that leads a person to reflect on proper action and improve. The word’s segment ‘anutapa’ by itself has been used in the context of repentance and ‘vipratisara’ (‘vipratipatti’) has also been used to mean repentance.