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In this book, we analyze the psycho-social consequences faced by Indian American children after exposure to the school textbook discourse on Hinduism and ancient India. We demonstrate that there is an intimate connection—an almost exact correspondence—between James Mill’s colonial-racist discourse (Mill was the head of the British East India Company) and the current school textbook discourse. This racist discourse, camouflaged under the cover of political correctness, produces the same psychological impacts on Indian American children that racism typically causes: shame, inferiority, embarrassment, identity confusion, assimilation, and a phenomenon akin to racelessness, where children dissociate from the traditions and culture of their ancestors.


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Yāmunācārya

From Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia

By Swami Harshananda

Life of Yāmunācārya[edit]

Yāmunācārya lived in A. D. 918-1038. The foundation of the Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta philosophy of which Rāmānujācārya[1] was the chief exponent, was laid by a succession of ten ācāryas or teachers before him. Of them Nāthamuni[2] and Yāmuna or Yāmunācārya were the most prominent ones.

Yāmuna, also known as Ālavandār, was born in A. D. 918 as the son of Īśvaramuni, the son of Nāthamuni. Vīranārāyaṇapura in Tamil Nadu, was the place where he lived. At the tender age of twelve he is said to have conquered a great scholar Akki Ālvār in disputation. Consequently an immensely pleased Cola king gave him half the kingdom. He lived as a king enjoying all the luxuries of life. However, at the age of 80 he took Sanyāsa and settled down at Sriraṅgam, the famous place of pilgrimage with its temple of Raṅganātha. He worked hard to make the temple of Sriraṅgam as the central place of Śrīvaiṣṇavism.

Disciples of Yāmunācārya[edit]

Though he had a great desire to make Rāmānuja his disciple, to succeed him to the pontifical seat he was occupying, he passed away before he could do so. He had 21 disciples of whom the following five were the chief ones:

  1. Mahāpurṇa
  2. Śrīśailapurṇa
  3. Goṣthīpṅrṇa
  4. Mālādhara
  5. Vararaṅganāyaka

Works by Yāmunācārya[edit]

Yāmunācārya authored six works:

  1. Stotraratna - It is a beautiful hymn on Nārāyaṇa.
  2. Catuśślokl - It is the role of his spouse Lakṣmī in granting liberation to the jīvas.[3]
  3. Āgamaprāmānya - In this he proves that the Pāñcarātra Āgamas are as authoritative as the Vedas.
  4. Siddhitraya - It is his chief work on the philosophy of Viśiṣṭhādvaita, wherein he has tried to prove that Brahman and jīva are separate entities, the relation between them being one of śeṣa[4] and śeṣin.[5]
  5. Gītārthasañgraha - In this work, he has shown that it is Nārāyaṇa-Parabrahma that is attained through the three disciplines of karma,[6] jñāna[7] and bhakti.[8] It is bhakti that is the chief means.
  6. Mahāpurusanirnaya - In this work he has tried to establish that the God described in the Upaniṣads and the purāṇas is Nārāyaṇa.


References[edit]

  1. ↑ He lived in A. D. 1017-1137.
  2. ↑ He lived in A. D. 823-924.
  3. ↑ Jīvas means the individual souls.
  4. ↑ Śeṣa means part.
  5. ↑ It means whole.
  6. ↑ Karma means action.
  7. ↑ Jñāna means knowledge.
  8. ↑ Bhakti means devotion.
  • The Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Swami Harshananda, Ram Krishna Math, Bangalore

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Deval Sancheti

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