Colonial Discourse and the Suffering of Indian American Children is now freely available.
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In this book, we analyze the psycho-social consequences faced by Indian American children after exposure to the school textbook discourse on Hinduism and ancient India. We demonstrate that there is an intimate connection—an almost exact correspondence—between James Mill’s colonial-racist discourse (Mill was the head of the British East India Company) and the current school textbook discourse. This racist discourse, camouflaged under the cover of political correctness, produces the same psychological impacts on Indian American children that racism typically causes: shame, inferiority, embarrassment, identity confusion, assimilation, and a phenomenon akin to racelessness, where children dissociate from the traditions and culture of their ancestors.


This book is the result of four years of rigorous research and academic peer-review, reflecting our ongoing commitment at Hindupedia to challenge the representation of Hindu Dharma within academia.

Temples in Europe

From Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia

By Himanshu Bhatt

List of Temples in Europe[edit]

Table of official Hindu temples in Europe:
Country Number of Temples Cities (and affiliated sect)
Belarus 1 Viciebskaja voblasć
Belgium 3 Antwerpen, Durbuy, Septon
Germany 3 Cologne, Munich
Hungary 4 Budapest, Eger, Somogyvámos
Ireland 1 Dublin
Italy 3 Genoa, Rome, Telni
Latvia 1 Riga
Lithuania 2 Kaunas, Kedainiu
Macedonia
Moldova 1 Chișinău
Netherlands 3 Amsterdam, The Hague
Norway 1 Oslo
Poland 2 Mysiadlo, Wroclaw
Portugal 1 Lisboa
Romania 2 Bucharest, Timisoara
Russia 18 Chelyabinsk, Elizavetinskaya, Ivanovo, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhnij Novgorod, Omsk, Rostov, Samara, Sergiyev Posad (Irkutskaya oblast'), Sochi, Sotnikovo, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Yaroslavl, Yekaterinburg
Slovakia 2 Bratislava, Kokosovce - New Ekacakra
Spain 6 (5 Hare Krishna, and 1 Ananda Marga) Albany, Barcelona, Brihuega - New Vraja Mandala, Madrid, Malanga
Sweden 10 (6 HK, 1 Swaminarayan, 1 Ananda Marga, 1 Brahma Kumari, and 3 others) Gothenburg, Grodinge, Jarna - New Caitanya Candrodaya Mandir, Lund, Stockholm, Uppsala
Switzerland 3 Langenthal, Locarno, Zurich
Ukraine 22 Artemovsk, Bahchisaray, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Kharkov, Kiev - Demetrius, Kiev - New Navadvipa, Kirovograd, Kirovograd - Ave. University, Kramatorsk, Krivoy Rog, Lugansk, Lutsk, Makeyevka, Mariupol, Nikolaev, Tiraspol, Verhnedneprovsk, Vinnytsia, Zaporizhia Vedic Club, Zaporozhye
United Kingdom 13 Belfast, Birmingham, Cardiff, Coventry, Leicester, London - Bhaktivedanta Manor, London - Matchless Gift, London - New Gokul Farm, London - Soho Street, London - South Norwood, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Redbridge, Romford, Swansea, Upper Lough Erne - Govindadwipa, Dhama

Mitra Temples[edit]

Prior to Christianity, worship of Mitra, known as Mithraism, was very popular in Europe. Christianity had assimilated many of the traditions of Mithraic worship to gain Mithra-worshipers and convert them to Christians by recognizing their customs.

In Europe Mithraic temples are known as 'Mithraeums', while the Sanskrit equivalents would be known as 'Mitralayas' or 'Mitradwaras.'

Table of Major Mitra temples in Europe:
Country Image Number of Temples Cities (and affiliated sect) Establishment Date
Bosnia
Temple in Jajce.
France
Excavated Temple in Angers.
Excavated Temple in Biesheim.
File:Mackwiller Temple.jpg
Temple in Mackwiller.
Temple in Sarrebourg's remains in museum.
Temple in Strasbourg's (district of Koenigshoffen) remains in museum.
Germany
Temple in Cologne's remains in museum.
Excavated Temple in Dieburg/Darmstadt.
File:Frankfurt-Heddernheim.jpg
Temple in Frankfurt-Heddernheim.
Excavated Temple in Freiburg im Breisgau.
Temple in Gimmeldingen's remains in a musuem.
File:Güglingen Temple.jpg
Temple in Güglingen.
File:Hanau Temple.jpg
Temple in Hanau.
File:Heidelberg Temple.jpg
Temple in Heidelberg.
File:Königsbrunn Temple.jpg
Temple in Königsbrunn.
File:Mainz Temple.jpg
Temple in Mainz.
File:Neuss Temple.jpg
Temple in Neuss.
File:Osterburken Temple.jpg
Temple in Osterburken.
Excavated Temple in Riegel am Kaiserstuhl.
Reconstructed Temple in Saalburg.
Excavated Temple in Saarbrücken.
File:Schwarzerden Temple.jpg
Temple in Schwarzerden.
File:Wiesloch Temple.jpg
Temple in Wiesloch.
Hungary
Excavated Temple in Aquincum (Aquincum Mithraeum of Victorinus.)
File:Savaria Mithraeum.jpg
Temple in Savaria.
Reconstructed Temple in Fertorakos
Italy
Excavated Temple in Rome.
Excavated Temple in Rome.
Excavated Temple in Rome.
Excavated Mithraeum of the Baths of Caracalla in Rome.
Excavated Santo Stefano Rotondo in Rome.
Excavated Santa Prisca Mithraeum in Rome.
Excavated Mithraeum of Ostia Antica.
Excavated Mithraeum of Sutri.
Excavated Santa Maria Capua Vetere in Campania.
Excavated Mithraeum of Naples in Campania.
Romania
Slovenia
Reconstructed Mithraeum III In Ptuj (Pettau) at Zborn Breg (Zgornji Breg / Ober-Rann) was discovered in 1913 between Roman villas which are situated between the Brunnwasser and the Pragerhoferstreet. The finds are preserved in the sanctuary. This is a reconstructed temple. [1]
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Temple in Brocolitia (Carrawburgh).
 Brocolitia (Carrawburgh)

See also[edit]

External Resources[edit]

Contributors to this article

Himanshu Bhatt, Deval Sancheti

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